Spanish 1: A Strict Binary

All nouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine. Usually, nouns ending in 'o' are masculine and those ending in 'a' are feminine. El (the) and un (a) are used for masculine nouns, whereas la and una are used for feminine ones.
Accent marks in Spanish are usually used to denote what syllable/ letter should bear most stress. They're also used to distinguish between homophones.

It's usually possible to omit the pronoun as conjugation usually indicates who does what.

Vocabulary:

1	una manzana	apple
2	un diario	newspaper
3	el, la	the
4	un, una	a/ an
5	Tu	You singular
6	Usted	You plural
7	Vos	You singular informal in some places.
8	Comer	to eat
9	hombre	man
10	la mujer	woman
11	yo	i
12	nino	boy
13	nina	girl
14	él	he/ him
15	ella	her/ she
16	el agua	water
17	el pan	bread
18	Beber	to drink
19	la leche	milk
20	de	from
21	Espana	Spain
22	México	Mexico
23	Me llamo	My name is
24	Como es mi nombre	what is my name
25	Como te llamas	what's your name

German 1: All Nouns Are Capitalized

In German, all nouns are capitalized. Also, there are three grammatical genders - male, female, and neuter. Unfortunately, the grammatical gender may not match the biological gender. Every noun has to be learned along with its gender.

Definite article (the): der/ das/ die (m/n/f)
Indefinite article (a/ an): ein/ eine (m,n/f)

-- generally speaking, it changes according to something known as the case of the noun.

---- what the hell is wrong with this language?

Sein - to be

ich bin - i am
du bist - you are (informal)
er/ sie/ es ist - he/ she/ it is
wir sind - we are
ihr seid - you all are (informal)
sie sind - they are
Sie sind - you are (formal)

---- Ok, it is official, this is on crack. 

Conjugating regular verbs
To conjugate a regular verb in the present tense, identify the invariant stem and attach corresponding ending.

trinken - to drink

English person	ending	German example
I	-e	ich trinke
you (singular informal)	-st	du trinkst
he/she/it	-t	er/sie/es trinkt
we	-en	wir trinken
you (plural informal)	-t	ihr trinkt
you (formal)	-en	Sie trinken
they	-en	sie trinken

Umlauts are words that have two dots above them. Its function is to change how the vowel sounds. 

There is no separate form for the continuous tense in German. 

Vocabulary

1	Mann	Man
2	Frau	Woman
3	Junge	Boy
4	Madchen	girl
5	Kind	child
6	Brot	Bread
7	Wasser	Water
8	ein/ eine	a
9	und	and
10	Trinken	to drink
11	der, das, die	the
12	sein	to be
13	ich	i
14	du	you singular informal
15	er	he
16	sie	she
17	es	it
18	wir	we
19	ihr	you plural informal
20	sie	they
21	Sie	you (formal)
22	Lektion	Lesson
23	fur	for
24	ein Apfel	an apple
25	Essen	To eat
26	Neu/ neue	new
27	Er isst	he drinks

French 1: French has 2 Genders

French has two grammatical genders - masculine and feminine. Also there are personal subject pronouns and articles and subject-verb agreement is important. The concept of elisions is phonetic in nature - for example, le and la become l' when followed by a vowel. Contractions are also a phonetic phenomenon in French - for example, du is a combination of de + le. While the letter H is always silent, it can act as a vowel or a consonant when it begins a word - i.e. with regards to elisions and contractions.

Plural forms of French words usually end in '-s'. Plural forms exist not just for nouns and adjectives, but also for pronouns and verb conjugations.

Tu - Informal you
Vous - plural/ formal singular you

Pronouns, adjectives and articles must agree with their nouns in both gender and number.
French has no specialized continuous tense.

Okay,  enough nonsense. Let's get to the good stuff. (Vocabulary!!)

1	Je	I	Pronoun
2	Tu	You	Pronoun
3	Il	He	Pronoun
4	Elle	She	Pronoun
5	Nous	We	Pronoun
6	Vous	You	Pronoun
7	Ils	They (m)	Pronoun
8	Elles	They (f)	Pronoun
9	Manger	To eat	Verb
10	Le/L'/La/Les	The	Definite article
11	Un, une, des	A, some	Indefinite article
12	du, de la, de l', des	some, any	Partitive articles
13	Une fille	a girl	noun
14	Un garçon	a boy	noun
15	une femme	a woman	noun
16	un homme	a man	noun
17	Riche(s)	rich	adjective
18	une pomme	apple	noun
19	un enfant	child	noun
20	Orange	Orange	adjective
21	un chat, une chatte	cat	noun
22	noir(e)(s)	black	adjective
23	calme(s)	calm	adjective
24	Être	to be	Verb
25	Avoir	to have	Verb

26	Pain (m)	bread	noun
27	Boire	to drink	Verb
28	Eau (m)	water	noun
29	Aimer	to love, to like	Verb
30	Adorer	to love	Verb
31	Parler	to speak	Verb
32	La robe	dress	noun
33	Lire	to read	Verb
34	Ecrire	to write	Verb
35	Le livre	book	noun
36	la lettre	letter	noun
37	rouge(s)	red	adjective
38	le journal	newspaper	noun
39	le menu	menu	noun

The verbs Être and Avoir are irregular verbs, that is to say, they do not follow the usual rules when it comes to conjugation. 

Être is conjugated as follows:

Je suis - I am 

Tu es - You are 

Il/ Elle est - He/ She is 

Nous sommes - We are 

Vous êtes - You are (You in either the plural sense, or the formal sense)

Ils/ Elles sont - They are 

Avoir is conjugated as follows:

J'ai - I have

Tu as - You have 

Il/ Elle a - He/ She has 

Nous avons - We have

Vous avez - You have 

Ils/ Elles ont - They have 

Manger is a regular ER verb, which means that all regular ER ending verbs are conjugated in the same format:

Je mange - I eat 

Tu manges - You eat 

Il/ Elle mange - He/ She eats

Nous mangeons - We eat (Note: Manger is among the exceptions in ER verbs that retain the E here)

Vous mangez - You eat 

Ils/ Elles mangent - They eat 

Jouer is another ER verb conjugated similarly:

Je joue - I play 

Tu joues - You play 

Il/Elle joue - He/ She plays 

Nous jouons - We play 

Vous jouez - You play 

Ils/ Elles jouent - They play